Today the Palouse River is a tributary of the Snake River. At the end of the last Ice Age the Palouse River used to flow into the Pasco Basin of South Central Washington State. At this time the ice dam on the Clark Fork River broke open repeatedly over the course of a 2,000 year period causing millions of tons of water to fan out over the south central and western part of Washington. It also flooded the Palouse River and caused it to overflow and head south to Snake River. The force of this rushing water created three deep ravines on the side of Snake River Canyon. There were three waterfalls spilling from each of these coulees but over time they receded and now the only one left is Palouse Falls. That is why there manages to be a waterfall in the middle of the desert.
It Is fairly easy to get into the Palouse State Park in order to see the falls. They encourage visitors to stay overnight or a few days at a time with about ten primitive campsites and an equal number of picnic sites but this is only during part of the year. It is still Washington and can get quite cold on occasion, so the park is restricted to day use from the end of September to the end of March.
There is a lot of history attached to the falls and the area around them. The falls used to be called ‘Aputapat Falls’ but were renamed in honor of the Palouse Indians who once lived in the area. They have a legend surrounding the creation of the landscape and the falls. According to this legend the land around the area used to be flatter, without falls, without the canyon. There was just the Palouse River flowing easily into the Snake River. One day four brothers who also happened to be giants were chasing a Big Beaver, another giant creature. The first four brothers were able to spear the Beaver and each time the Beaver was hit he gouged out a canyon wall along the Palouse River with his large claws. The fifth brother hit the Beaver last and the Beaver turned to fight the hunters. During the fight the larger Snake River canyon got gouged out of the ground. This point is where the Palouse Falls exist. It’s believed that the canyon walls still show marks of the Big Beaver’s claws.
The water of the Palouse Falls is a muddy brown from the sediment in the water. There is a recess in the rock wall where the Palouse spills from due to erosion from the falling water. The erosive process is actually increased because there is so much sediment in the water that it has a scouring effect on the rock bed.